"The role of industrial parks in economic development is paramount to the nation's
advancement as they create a competitive standpoint. They can contribute to the flourishment
of urban areas but along with such success are concerns that impact the society. Factories
and manufacturing companies inside these parks can affect the condition of the environment.
Despite the provision of existing laws and building codes being set in place, to a certain extent, the
implementation process can be compromised operationally by the industrial park
management. In addition, the implementation guidelines are only revisited when
environmental catastrophes strike. This study developed a standardized tool
containing criteria that captured the infrastructure planning and environmental
compliance features of two (2) target industrial parks. These criteria provided a
systematic scoring process that determined the empirical basis of the existing
operational conditions of industrial parks. This assessment tool was found to be
effective and viable in assessing and comparing the gaps between actual versus
standard conditions. Results shpwed significant discrepancies, thereby underscoring the
need to carry through effective ways to increase compliance and performance to ensure sustainable
practice of urban development."

"This research attempts to present a job-accessibility standard for off-site resettlement planning in the Philippines by using a generalized transport cost model. People who were relocated outside Metro Manila endure high transport fare and long travel time. Resettlement policies by the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank require restoration of assets of relocates throughout the resettlement implementation. However, loss of accessibility was not taken into consideration by the said agencies. The Generalized Transport Cost Model was adopted as the method for accessibility standard. Three components of commuting job experience as accessibility measure were integrated into the generalized transport cost by converting these into monetary value: direct travel fare, travel time, and human effort. Direct travel fare is the amount passengers pay for public transport. Travel time is converted into monetary value based on the National Capital Region's minimum wage. Human effort or physical and mental exhaustion, is included in the coefficient of travel time. Human effort is measured by two criteria: how stressed commuters feel and how they perspire while traveling. As a result, it shows that the average general transport cost prior to relocation is for a one-way commute and after relocation Php 85 for a one-way commute and Php 373 after relocation. Due to the increased transports burden, number of relocates stay within Metro manila during weekdays. Commuters who travel on a daily basis pay a general transport cost of Php 224 for a one-way commute (this excludes workers who stay within Metro Manila). Acceptable travel cost for all respondents is Php 147. Acceptable walking time is 11 minutes, waiting time is 10 minutes, and in-transit time is 37 minutes. In order to fulfill the job-accessibility standard, walking distance from house to vehicle bay should be within 540 meters with a walking speed of 3km/h; headway of public transportation is 10 minutes and riding distance is 30 km with a driving speed of 50km/h; direct travel fare for public transport is Php 40; total cost for commuting one way must be set within a general transport cost of Php 147. Two policies are recommended to fulfill the presented job-accessibility standard: improvement of transport condition to make NCR accessible within the general transport cost of Php 147; and provision of income opportunities within a general transport cost of Php 147 provided that there is no change in the current transport condition. Alleviation of traffic congestion is an urgent need. Cash to compensate the general transport cost gap before and after relocation is also recommended, if the said policies are not feasible. Limitations include low response rate from men who work and travel characteristics should be the same even if the commute is not or work (i.e. travel to work and school).

"

Cities become increasingly built-up due to rapid economic development. The
urbanization phenomenon of highly concentrated population in the cities has led
to massive population migration from rural to urban areas and new growth areas
throughout the globe, particularly in developing countries. Elements of urban form
such as streets and buildings, and infrastructure systems can contribute to the
emission of greenhouse gases and amplify climate change impacts, unless
mitigated and corrected by design, such as by increasing green spaces. This study
looks at how the potential and actual use of such green spaces can make a
difference in the developing country context of the Philippines. In order to control
and manage the urban green space, particularly in its densely-populated Central
Business District, Pasig City may need additional criteria on how to develop a
green corridor. This research study described and assessed the green
infrastructure development on and along a chosen representative street in a Pasig
City, a Local Government Unit in the Philippines with a history of supporting
environmentally-responsive design. Combined with observations of actual users'
usage of public space and social interactions, as well as the analysis of expert
opinion through Analytic Hierarchy Process (AMP) online software, this research
shows that certain micro-scale interventions can be used to improve the quality of
green infrastructure to a level of a prioritized development that can be adopted by
the local authorities. The study concludes that introducing more well-placed street
trees, public parks, permeable pavement, and bioretention devices will not only
benefit the environment, but will likely invite positive, prosocial usages of space in
the site.

Quezon City is one of largest and most populous cities in Metro Manila and the Philippines, rapid increase in population coupled with a booming economic activity contributes to high waste generation in the city. Nevertheless, Quezon City is considered to be a highly compliant city with regards to SWM or RA 9003. However, the high waste generation rate poses a serious threat to the city. Households are one of the major sources of solid wastes in the city. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the gaps between the implementation of SWM in Quezon City and the household's knowledge and behavior on solid waste management, in relation to their compliance to RA 9003. Key informant interviews were conducted with the Quezon City Government personnel, while a household perception survey was conducted among the households in Districts 2,5, and 6 of Quezon City. A total 432 households were surveyed to determine their knowledge and behavior on SWM. Analysis of the results based on the Social Practice Theory showed that there were gaps between knowledge and behavior on SWM among households. The lack of 'socio-technical infrastructures' of the Quezon City Government to support SWM programs contributed to these gaps.integrated solid waste management approach must adopted by the Quezon City Government in order to address the gaps in the SWM of the local government and its households.

The state of the housing program in the Philippines is in critical condition. There was a significant housing backlog of 5.7 millions units in 2017. The annual average supply is only 150,000 units. To close the gap, 723,579 houses should be built each year (HLURB 2018). The national and local governments have explored many strategies to address these problems but the housing backlog has failed to narrow down. One of its causes is land supply shortage. The study focused on contemporary public land bank practices and how these can contribute to reducing the gap between land supply and housing demand in urban areas. The main objective was to establish the potentials of a contemporary public land banking system. The study area was Quezon City, the epitome of an urban area with a well conceived shelter program for its low-income and informal settler families representing 28% of the city's households. It is currently facing a serious land supply shortage resulting from current procedures in its public land market system. These preferred mode of land acquisition of foreclosed properties takes years to process while the disposition of lands is also lengthy and tedious due to legal requirements. Modern land banking is a planning tool that can legally aid LGUs. In the case of Quezon City, the study explored the potential of land banking tools and recommends the formulation of a transparent data-based inventory system, policies for conduit transfer, inter-local transfer, in rem bulk foreclosure, branding of surplus properties, and quiet title actions in aid of land acquisition. The selection of these strategies is founded on the premise that the time and the operational costs of land acquisition will be trimmed down. Land banking, when intelligently strategized can be beneficial to both the land market system and the city's housing programs.