Status : Verified
| Personal Name | Barra, Rebecca L. |
|---|---|
| Resource Title | Risk profile of cadmium in rice (Oryza sativa) in the Philippines |
| Date Issued | June 2025 |
| Abstract | Cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal of environmental and public health concern and present from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Rice (Oryza sativa), the Filipino staple, is particularly at risk for Cd contamination via soil and irrigation water, raising concerns about chronic exposure. This study conducted a food safety risk profiling of Cd in rice consumed by Filipinos through [1] determination of data gaps in Cd risk profiling for rice consumption; [2] identification and characterization of Cd as a hazard in rice based on literature review; [3] estimation of dietary exposure (DE) and risk based on uncertainties, variabilities, and assumptions; and [4] consolidation of available control measures and possible mitigation protocols of Cd in rice. The identified gaps were: dose-response models, Cd sources and uptake in Philippine rice varieties; localized data on Cd distribution, pharmacokinetics, and health effects; and disaggregated consumption of rice in different regions. Estimated dietary exposures (DEs) to cadmium exceeded the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) provisional tolerable monthly intake (PTMI) of 25 μg/kg bw (2021). The highest among the groups were infants and preschool children (6 months-5 years): males = 0.0877 mg/kg bw/month (350.9% PTMI), females = 0.0916 (366.3% PTMI). For the elderly, the DEs were lower: males = 0.0419 (167.4% PTMI), females = 0.0468 (187.0% PTMI). Among high consumers (97.5th percentile), DEs reached 0.0938 (375.1% PTMI) for infant/preschool males, 0.0979 (391.6% PTMI) for females, 0.0439 (175.7% PTMI) for elderly males, and 0.0491 (196.2% PTMI) for elderly females. Current control measures in the Philippines include adoption of the General Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Food and Feed (GSCTF) via PNS/BAFS 194:2017. |
| Degree Course | Bachelor of Science in Food Technology |
| Language | English |
| Keyword | Cadmium; Rice—Philippines; Rice (Oryza sativa); Risk profile; Dietary exposure; Food contamination; Rice—Irrigation; Irrigation water |
| Material Type | Thesis/Dissertation |
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