This study examined the resilience of Malcolm Square, an iconic public park in Baguio City, through the conceptual framework of the People–Space–Technology (PST) trialogue. Situated in the heart of the city, the park functioned as a dynamic nexus where human interactions, spatial configurations, and technological interventions converged. The research addressed the question: How can the trialogue involving people, space, and technology be optimized to benefit the resilient future of Malcolm Square? A pragmatic mixed-methods research design was employed, integrating historical analysis, field observations, behavioral mapping, and surveys of 434 participants—primarily post millennials (Gen Z)—alongside stakeholder interviews. The PST framework (V = P + S + T) was used to evaluate the park's value across three core dimensions: human engagement (people score), spatial design and infrastructure (space score), and technological integration (technology score). Findings from correlation and regression analyses indicated that spatial design had the strongest predictive influence on space preservation, and subsequently, on both human engagement and technology use. K-means clustering revealed distinct user profiles, informing data-driven recommendations for spatial and technological enhancements. While Malcolm Square served primarily as a transit corridor, its potential as a vibrant social node remained underutilized. The study concluded that a trialogue-based approach—integrating adaptive technology, inclusive design, and participatory planning—could transform Malcolm Square into a resilient, multifunctional, and culturally rich public space. Furthermore, the proposed PST model offers a replicable tool for Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) updates, supporting heritage-driven revitalization and urban policy development in Baguio City.

This research examines sari-sari stores as spatial and social archetypes in Sitio Olandes, Marikina City, focusing on storefronts where domestic and commercial functions intersect. A mixed-methods was employed to triangulate data, utilizing photo documentation, observation, surveys, and statistical analysis. Two-hundred forty-four customers and 41 store owners were selected as respondents.

As adaptive spaces, storefronts influence relational dynamics between families and their neighbors, reflecting the informal urban space in response to regulatory gaps. Characterization of 41 stores was conducted, and four typologies were identified based on full openings, half openings, grilled or screened openings, and mixed or hybrid openings. Canopies were featured most, followed by signage, counters and tables, and seating. Other than these, centrality to public spaces and street widths were spatial indicators of preferences to patronize stores.

Results indicate that women are primarily in charge of theses stores, and spatial adaptations indicate the negotiated use of home and their sari-sari store business. Comfort, family solidarity, and ginhawa (well-being) are associated with closer neighborhood connection. Finding highlights how modifications in space reveal the theory of "Agos"-an informal, multi-functional middle space contributing to the flow and fluidity of domesticity from the interior to the public space, affecting social cohesion and daily interactions. This study may provide a foundation for future planning policies incorporation gender-sensitive approaches and distinction between informal, multifunctional spaces that remain unlabeled and unregulated.

Socio-Technological Infrastructure (STI) is a construct which builds upon the approach of Socio-Technical Systems (STS), through the expansion of its scale and applications for customization and inclusivity. Current siloed systems are unable to solve large scale and complex urban issues. STI is proposed to address this and be a manifestation of a convergence in knowledge, process, and design, aligning with the themes of knowledge co-creation, human-centeredness, co-design, and innovation. This research aims to propose key indicators of a convergence theory for STI using correlation and regression analysis, spatial analysis, and Machine Learning (ML). The case study is Legazpi City, a coastal city plagued with multiple hazards of typhoons, regular eruption of Mt. Mayon, projected 6M high tsunami, and 1.15m sea level rise by 2050 along its coasts, and praised for its community’s resilience, and enhanced Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems (MHEWS). Indicators of convergence of knowledge synthesis, seamless process, and responsive spatial designs shall be gathered through surveys, co-design, and KIIs, and assessed using QGIS, Machine Learning, Python, and Six Sigma. It is hypothesized that when greater convergence in STI is achieved, it will correlate positively to faster MHEWS activation, and enhanced community preparedness. This research advances the development of systems and urban design theories, proposes innovative policies for disaster resilience, and demonstrates the scalability of Legazpi’s STI and MHEWS model for other Philippine cities vulnerable to multiple hazards.

Progress in the country comes with urbanization that consequently affects the urbanwildlife and fragments the remaining green patches. Therefore, past studies aimed toconserve habitats in urban landscape as they realized that urban wildlife is importantto the remaining ecosystem. These studies emphasized that when these faunal speciesare also prioritized, its ecological role will continue and will contribute tostrengthening the urban ecology. Such examples are the urban birds that re seeddispersers throughout the city. However, habitat conservation in parks surrounded bylarge and highly urbanized developments is not often tackled. This study aims topropose landscape interventions for habitat conservation of chosen vian species in theurban environment of Bagong Nayong Pilipino Urban Forest Park located at the heartof Entertainment City, Parañaque. The research aims to select the appropriate targetspecies which are the Pycnonotus goiavier and the Dicaeum australe and to study theirbehavior and life cycle requirements in the area, the landscape conditions,disturbances such as pollution and noise, the future land use, and the users’ needs. Thefindings will then be used for redesigning the site into a wildlife inclusive park forhabitat conservation and ecological improvement. It is hypothesized that if a wildlifeinclusive park is designed, then target birds are protected and thus ecologicalimprovement in the urban landscape is achieved. The results and outputs of the studywill show the significant impact of birds when their needs are also addressed in Nayong Pilipino amidst other human demands and urban developments.

Women have room for empowerment in hypermasculine spaces that heavily contribute to gender inequality. As time passed, addressing women's empowerment shifted towards empowering femininity present across all genders. Translated into our urban spaces, the New Bilibid Prison Reservation (NBPR) in Muntinlupa City suppresses femininity because of its prison function. As the prison facilities together with the inmates are envisioned to be relocated away from NBPR, the land is subject to redevelopment. Hence, this study was conducted to reimagine the landscape of New Bilibid Prison. The goal of the study is to propose landscape development plans that highlight the feminine culture in direct relation to the current context of the New Bilibid Prison Reservation. Integrating gender and development approaches to landscape planning, qualitative methods of survey, interviews, and future scenario landscape workshops were used to gather women’s narratives, activities, and gender meanings as a way of characterizing their femininity. Key findings include: (1) Care culture is central to women, nurturing relationships progressively, (2) healthcare is highly linked with care culture, and (3) care culture is confined to be private. Three planning schemes were developed based on the data gathered which include tourism, economic, and civic development. The assessment showed that civic development within the site will best include feminine narratives A model site was chosen to illustrate the applications of the principles and planning proposals. By closely examining women’s
femininity, the narrative of the New Bilibid Prison shifted to include care culture.