Being an archipelago made up of over 7,000 islands, the Philippines is home to various land and water forms. Be it in the rural or the urban landscape, these bodies hold value in numerous aspects; thus, their protection is vital. Unfortunately, due to overuse and rapid modernization, the urban fabric has not been kind to these land and water bodies. Land has been replaced by concrete, and the water has become home to wastes and refuse. With this in mind, it is essential to take care of these lands and water bodies which can be achieved through the concept of revitalization, and this has been the goal of the thesis, from the findings and analysis until the results.

Through the concept of waterfront revitalization, in tandem with Landscape Architecture, the thesis and its proposed development aims to bring to the spotlight the importance of protecting both the landscape, waterscape, and everything in between, particularly those in the urban setting. The proposed development revives the neglected Roxas Boulevard waterfront giving it a new life and renewed character. The enhancement of the area benefits the space and its users for both short-term and long-term phases. The land has been opened up to connect with the water, more open and green spaces have been allocated to serve as much as needed "lungs of the city", and the landscape has been redesigned to provide room for more activities serving economic, recreational, commercial, and leisure purposes.


The thesis brings to the spotlight the importance of Landscape Architecture in today's green movement of protecting both the landscape and waterscape. The proposed development revitalizes the Roxas Boulevard waterfront which holds cultural and economic significance in the Philippine setting, particularly Manila.

During these times of rapid urban and technological growth, cities struggle to find the balance between modernization and environmental stewardship. Davao City, a first class highly urbanized city, and the third largest city in the Philippines, which serves as the center of trade and commerce in Mindanao, currently experiences this problem. To address the need for an efficient public transportation system, the city plans to upgrade its mass transport system through the High Priority Bus System (HPBS) under the Davao Public Transport Modernization Project. This comprehensive design project presents a design proposal for HPBS’ bus terminal in Davao City that seeks to redefine the meaning of progress that reflects the symbiotic relationship between modernization through an efficient transport system and responsible stewardship of nature and the environment. The proposed project - Davao Link or D-LINK, an eco-transit hub located in Calinan, Davao City, shall serve as a centralized transport link for various modes of transportation. The project makes use of strategic methods and design solutions to build a space to link the natural environment and surrounding agricultural areas with a state-of-the-art interchange transportation terminal.

When describing how a natural phenomenon culminates in a catastrophe, the term "natural disasters" is commonly employed. However, this term is problematic because it incorrectly assumes that calamities are part of nature. Contrary to popular belief, it's important to recognize that there are only natural hazards, not natural disasters. This insight is consistent with the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR ) continuing advocacy efforts and mission.

Humanity makes decisions on where to live, how to build, and what kinds of research to conduct. Cultural heritage faces various threats—from sudden events like earthquakes to gradual processes like degradation. Predicted decline in historical asset value illustrates the impact of risks on global heritage objectives.

This paper was successful in proving how high vulnerability leads to increase risk in historic structures. It was guided by the principles of Disaster Risk Reduction & Management and the integration of science in heritage conservation. This paper offers mitigating recommendations to the key stakeholders with the goal of enhancing the resilience of the Sta. Monica Church by examining the interaction between the vulnerability of the church and the natural hazards threatening this cultural heritage. The methods outlined in this study may be a helpful first step for the preservation of historical buildings in developing cultures.